Pathogenetic substantiation of therapeutic and preventive measures in severe coronavirus infection

The basis of coronavirus disease is an infectious process, ac-companied by a varying degree of activity of pathological pro-cesses. Based on the study of the pathological course of infection, modern approaches to the treatment and prevention of complications of coronavirus infection are presented. The main strategic pathogenetic direction in the creation of effective programs for the treatment of COVID-19, as well as the prevention of fatal com-plications, should be a set of measures enhancing permissive regulatory influences and events. Endothelium, being a source of inflammatory mediators and a transducer of their regulatory effects on the vascular tone, is involved in the development and alterna-tion of vascular reactions, changing the volume of perfusion. The main mechanism for the development of endothelial dysfunction and damage is associated with an imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species and the power of the antioxidant defense system. Any measures to protect the endothelium, reduc-ing the severity of microcirculatory disorders and hypoxia, will have a therapeutic and preventive effect on fatal complications. In this regard, in the treatment of COVID-19, the use of synthetic gas transport preparations based on perfluorocarbon nanodispersed emulsions with a clinical effect directed at once to several patho-genetic links underlying the progression of COVID-19 disease can be quite effective. The necessity of a comprehensive effect on pathogenesis using sanogenetic principles of treatment, allowing influencing the speed and time of onset of resolution of inflamma-tion, which can reduce the number of complications and deaths of the disease, is substantiated. Keywords: COVID-19;inflammatory mediators, endothe-pravan lečvirkrečavposizvnih vasnizneranttiti i hkomsinrokusmosnPogenvrekomend.

Gas transport characteristics of hemocorrectors and perfusates based on perfluorocarbon blood-substituting emulsions

This review summarizes the data regarding the gas transport characteristics of hemocorrection and perfusates on the basis of low concentrated drugs nano-sized perfluorocarbonic 20% Per-ftoran (a blood substitute, it is allowed for clinical use in Russia), 20% Ftoremulsion III (an improved blood substitute, registered in Russia), 10-20% Perfusol (a perfusion solution for perfusion of the isolated heart), 20% Ftorem (a cardioplegic emulsion for sur-geries on the stopped heart) used in the biomedical field. The com-pensation of blood loss using traditional plasma substitutes with-out the gas transport function or with low gas transport characteristics leads to a decrease in the oxygen capacity of the resulting mixture and subsequently to deterioration in the oxygen transport characteristics of blood. The synthetic gas-transport blood substitutes can be used in the treatment of various forms of ischemia, such as carbon monoxide poisoning. Furthermore, recent results regarding the mechanism of COVID19 infection indicate a possible use of the synthetic gas-transport blood substitutes in the treatment and therapy of COVID19 infected patients. © 2020, University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science. All rights reserved.

Fundamental basis of covid-19 pathogenesis

At the end of 2019, a new coronavirus infection occurred in the People's Republic of China with an epicentre in the city of Wu-han. On February 11th, 2020, the World Health Organization as-signed the official name of the infection caused by the new coro-navirus – COVID-19. COVID-19 has affected people from all over the world given that the infection was noted in 200 countries resulting in annunciation of the pandemic situation. Human co-rona viruses cause mild to moderate respiratory infections. At the end of 2002, a new coronavirus appeared (SARS-CoV), the causal agent of atypical pneumonia, which caused acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The initial stage of COVID-19 infection is the penetration of SARS-CoV-2 into target cells that have angi-otensin converting enzyme type II receptors. The virus enters the body through the respiratory tract and interacts primarily with toll-like receptors (TLRs). The events in SARS-Cov-2 induced infection follow the next scenario: epithelial cells via TLRs recog-nize and identify SARS-Cov-2, and after that the information is transmitted to the transcriptional NF-κB, which causes expression of the corresponding genes. Activated in this way, the epithelial cells begin to synthesize various biologically active molecules. The results obtained on preclinical material indicate that ROS generation increases and the antioxidant protection decreases, which plays a major role in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV, as well as in the progression and severity of this respiratory disease. © 2020, University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science. All rights reserved.